‘Great God!’ wrote Scott, ‘this is an awful place and terrible enough for us to have laboured to it without the reward of priority. Then in 1897-98, a Belgian named Adrien de Gerlache led another expedition to the Antarctic. In 1901-03 a German expedition to Antarctica was led by Erich von Drygalski. Separately Edward Bransfield was the second person to see Antarctica on 30 January 1820. The rest of the group remain on Elephant Island, using the upturned boats as shelter. Mawson, along with six others, remained in the Antarctic for another 12 months before help returned. According to Scott, Oates walked out of his tent with the words, ‘I am just going outside and may be some time’. 1831-32 Captain John Biscoe becomes the third person after Cook and Bellingshausen to circumnavigate Antarctica. A Brief History of Antarctica Posted by admin December 24, 2009 On Dec. 1, 1959, representatives from a dozen countries, including the U.S., Japan and the U.K. met in Washington to sign a treaty intended to keep the Cold War out of the coldest place on Earth. 1901-1904 Captain Robert Falcon Scott leads his first expedition to the Antarctic in the specially built ship Discovery. January 1820: Antarctica is first sighted. Discover more about the race to reach the South Pole. The continent is divided into two regions, known as East and West Antarctica. Individual pages signify the copyright for the content on that page. The term Antarctic, referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle, was coined by Marinus of Tyre in the 2nd century AD. Then on 6 December 1821 George Powell and Nathaniel Palmer discovered the South Orkney Islands. Among the crew on the ship is Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, later to become the first person to reach the South Pole. 1914-17 While Shackleton and his men struggled to survive the loss of Endurance, the second half of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition faced their own challenges. Ptolemy, a Greco-Roman astronomer who lived around 100 – 170 CE, thought that an enormous far-southern landmass must exist in order to provide a planetary counterweight to … 19 January 1915 Endurance becomes stuck in the pack ice of the Weddell Sea. Explorers wanted to win the Race to the South Pole more than understand Antarcticas environment. Proceeds are donated to charity. Then in 1892-94, a Norwegian called Carl Larson sailed to the southern continent. In 1772-75 Captain Cook was sent on an expedition to the Southern Hemisphere. ‘It seems a pity but I do not think I can write more. A Brief History of Antarctica. 15 October 1911 Amundsen sets out to reach the South Pole with five men, four sledges and 52 dogs, travelling to pre-prepared depots and killing dogs for food as they go. 23 June 1961 The Antarctic Treaty comes into force, an international agreement establishing how the continent should be protected and governed. The party treks without sleep across the unmapped island, finally reaching the Norwegian whaling station at Stromness on 20 May. It was later sold to Argentina. Since large-scale glaciations there are not restricted to the Quaternary Period, the paper will first present a brief summary of the pre -Quaternary history, then proceed with a general overview of the Pleistocene record, and finish with While the depots were never used, the group managed to cover 1,356 miles across the ice laying supplies. See "Terms of Service" link for more information. The whole team arrive safely back at base camp on 26 January, having travelled more than 1,600 miles in 99 days. In the early 1910s, explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott engaged in a frantic, and ultimately tragic, race to be the first man to reach the South Pole. They spent the winter in their base and on 20 October 1911 Roald Amundsen and 4 other men, Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel, and Oscar Wisting set out for the South Pole. For God’s sake look after our people.’. knowledge of the glacial and climate history of Antarctica. 1899 Norwegian Carsten Borchgrevink leads the first British expedition in what would come to be known as the ‘Heroic Age’ of Antarctic exploration. Long before human eyes ever beheld Antarctica, the ancients were convinced it existed – or at least something like it. Also in 1901-1903, a Swedish expedition was led by Nils Nordenskjold. The Weddell Sea is named after him, as is the Weddell seal – the most southerly breeding land mammal in the world. Antarctica is the Earth's southernmost continent, roughly centered around the South Pole. 24 April 1916 Six men including Shackleton leave on the James Caird in search of rescue, planning to sail 800 miles to the whaling stations of South Georgia. However, on 29 November 1929, an American called Richard Byrd actually flew over the South Pole. Aerial view of Casey station Repstat tunnel buildings. The United States of we shut your 3rd eye for a damn reason. Furthermore in 1823 a Scot named James Weddell explored the Weddell Sea. Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott, Edward Adrian … He was the first man to reach it since Captain Scott in 1912. However Amundsen's achievement was overshadowed by the tragic deaths of Robert Scott and his expedition. However, setbacks and equipment failure meant that Scott would have to man-haul far further and on fewer provisions than he had originally planned. Read more: the shoes that survived – caring for Captain Scott’s shoes. In the early days, voyages to Antarctica involved hunting seals or whales and undertaking scientific studies and geographical surveys to try to better understand the newly discovered continent. Further exploration of Antarctica was carried out by an American named Charles Wilkes in … Although it is now a frozen wilderness Antarctica was once much further north and it had a tropical or semi-tropical climate. The history of Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe. Separately Edward Bransfield was the second person to see Antarctica on 30 January 1820. The first man to fly a plane in Antarctica was an Australian called George Wilkins in November 1928. A Brief History of the ... February the 7th. He only revealed his South Pole ambitions to his crew after he had set sail. 1st known landing on continental Antarctica by American sealer Captain John Davis, though this is not acknowledged by all historians. The Australians established a scientific base in 1954. The latter discovered the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf. level 2. 14 December 1943 Britain launches the secret wartime mission Operation Tabarin, establishing permanent bases in the Antarctic for the first time. The name Antarctica comes from the Greek word antarktiké meaning 'opposite to the north.' In the process he leads just the third group to reach the South Pole, and the first to do so in vehicles. In the late 19th century, non-commercial interest … Our logo, banner, and trademark are registered and fully copyright protected (not subject to Creative Commons). Today many nations maintain bases in Antarctica. These early voyages were operated by the Norwegian shipping company that formed Hurtigruten, sailing a summer route between Trondheim and Hammerfest and a winter route between Trondheim and Tromsø. When the Antarctic Treaty was signed in Washington in 1959, Antarctica became devoted solely to … In 1991, the Treaty expanded to agree not to explore for oil or other minerals for at least 50 years. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. In 1958 Edmund Hilary reached the South Pole. Finally, in 1908 Ernest Shackleton led another British expedition to Antarctica. ‘We shall stick it out to the end, but we are getting weaker, of course, and the end cannot be far. On: 3 Agosto 2017 By: Gianni Varetto. It is also the world’s highest, driest, windiest, coldest, and iciest continent. Twelve countries – Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the UK and the USA – first signed the international treaty in 1959, declaring that Antarctica should be ‘a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science’. 1839-41 James Clark Ross commands Erebus and Terror (the ships later to be lost during Franklin’s search for the North-West Passage) to the Antarctic. Another expedition was led by a Scot named William Bruce in 1902-1904. Around the same time, Royal Navy officer Edward Bransfield reported seeing ‘high mountains, covered with snow’ during a British mapping expedition. Enter your email address to receive notifications of new posts by email. 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