b de sahagún

In the late 20th century, a handwritten copy in Spanish was found by John B. Despite this ban Sahagún made two more copies of his Historia general. His field research activities can be grouped into an earlier period (1558–1561) and a later period (1561–1575). It was published under the title “Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España”, in three volumes at Mexico in 1829, and in volumes five and seven of Kingsborough’s “Mexican Antiquities”, London, 1831. He interviewed them individually and in groups, and was thus able to evaluate the reliability of the information shared with him. It was there that he joined the Order of Friars Minor or Franciscans. Sahagún taught Latin and other subjects during its initial years. Los Balcones del Camino. He became convinced that only by mastering native languages and worldviews could missionaries be effective in dealing with the Aztec people. He attended the University of Salamanca, where he was exposed to the currents of Renaissance humanism. So on another day the lord and his principal men came and having conferred together, with great solemnity, as they were accustomed at that time to do, they chose out ten or twelve of the principal old men, and told me that with these I might communicate and that these would instruct me in any matters I should inquire of. He recast his project along the lines of the medieval encyclopedias. [14] Other friars taught grammar, history, religion, scripture, and philosophy. Bernardino de Sahagún (1499 – October 23, 1590) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico).Born in Sahagún, Spain, in 1499, he journeyed to New Spain in 1529, and spent more than 50 years in the study of Aztec beliefs, culture and history. In 2015, his work was declared a World Heritage by the UNESCO.[5]. However, the indigenous people did not express their Christian faith the ways expected by the missionary friars. The Franciscans were then particularly hostile to this cult because of its potential for idolatrous practice, as it conflated the Virgin Mary with an ancient goddess. "The Research Method of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: The Questionnaires," in, S.L. Sahagún's Historia general was unknown outside Spain for about two centuries. In 1575 the Council of the Indies banned all scriptures in the indigenous languages and forced Sahagún to hand over all of his documents about the Aztec culture and the results of his research. Libros V-IX.--III Libros X-XI. And it is something that should be remedied, for the correct [native] name of the Mother of God, Holy Mary, is not Tonantzin, but Dios inantzin. Summary: Susana calls Miami, FL, home. Learning more about Aztec culture, Sahagún grew increasingly skeptical of the depth of the mass conversions in Mexico. On all the subjects on which we conferred they gave me pictures—which were the writings anciently in use among them—and these the grammarians interpreted to me in their language, writing the interpretation at the foot of the picture.”. In this process, the native artists added many references to their customs and beliefs: flowers, birds or geometric symbols. In its initial stages, the colonial evangelization project appeared quite successful, despite the sometimes antagonizing behavior of the conquistadores. It is not known for certain where the beginning of this Tonantzin may have originated, but this we know for certain, that, from its first usage, the word means that ancient Tonantzin. The text describes where the plants grow and how herbal medicines can be made from them. Some passages in his writings appear to be transcriptions of informants' statements about religious beliefs, society or nature. Free parking. Bernardino de Sahagún. Saint Francis’ intuitive approach was elaborated into a philosophical vision by subsequent Franciscan theologians, such as Bonaventure of Bagnoregio and John Duns Scotus, leading figures in the Franciscan intellectual tradition. This rustic-style guest house is located in Sahagun's center, right in the Camino de Santiago Pilgrimage Route, and 4.3 mi from Grajal Castle. Much later, the scientific discipline of anthropology would formalize the methods of ethnography as a scientific research strategy for documenting the beliefs, behavior, social roles and relationships, and worldview of another culture, and for explaining these factors with reference to the logic of that culture. [44], At the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, Disillusionment with the "spiritual conquest". Sahagún, Bernardino de 1499-1590 O.F.M. It offers a shared terrace and free WiFi. The alphabetic text is bilingual in Spanish and Nahuatl on opposing folios, and the pictorials should be considered a third kind of text. Sahagún questioned the elders about the religious rituals and calendar, family, economic and political customs, and natural history. Sahagún, BERNARDINO DE, missionary and Aztec archaeologist, b. at Sahagún, Kingdom of Leon, Spain, in or before the year 1500; d. at Mexico, October 23, 1590.He studied at the convent of Salamanca, where he took the vows of the order, and in 1529 was sent out to Mexico, being one of the earliest missionaries assigned to that country, where he labored until his death more than sixty years later. [14] He conducted research for about twenty-five years, and spent the last fifteen or so editing, translating and copying. Sahagún, Bernardino de (c. 1499/1500–1590)Bernardino de Sahagún, a Franciscan missionary, arrived in New Spain in 1529 and began a prolific career of evangelization of the Nahua peoples to Christianity. [A]s regards the Catholic Faith, [Mexico] is a sterile land and very laborious to cultivate, where the Catholic Faith has very shallow roots, and with much labor little fruit is produced, and from little cause that which is planted and cultivated withers. Sahagún was aware of the need to avoid running afoul of the Inquisition, which was established in Mexico in 1570. Sahagun, Bernard de 1499-1590. This rustic-style guest house is located in Sahagun's center, right in the Camino de Santiago Pilgrimage Route, and 4.3 mi from Grajal Castle. Though he was primarily devoted to his missionary task, his extraordinary work documenting their worldview and culture has earned him the title as “the first anthro… Cline, "Introduction" Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Hernán Cortez conquered the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, Colegio Imperial de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, Complete digital facsimile of the first edition, "The work of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499-1590)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernardino_de_Sahagún&oldid=996309918, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Nicholson, H.B., "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590," in, This page was last edited on 25 December 2020, at 20:18. Sahagún Bernardino de. A viceroy (like a governor) ruled New Spain on behalf of the King of Spain. [10][11] The mixture of Christian and Indian symbols has been described as Indocristiano or Indochristian art. [9] Concurrently, many of the friars were discontent with the corruption of European society, including, at times, the leadership of the Catholic Church. In the process of putting together the Historia general, Sahagún pioneered new methods for gathering ethnographic information and validating its accuracy. Like DNA strings of mestizaje, his practice metaphorically represent contradiction- indian/conqueror, violence/unity, and an Ensayo de nomenclature e identificación de las lúminas 98 a 138 (núms. Sahagún likely wrote this version with that political situation well in mind, when a narrative of the conquest entirely from the defeated Mexicans' viewpoint was suspect. His assistants spoke three languages (Nahuatl, Latin and Spanish). During his first years in New Spain, Sahagún prepared for the creation of t… [31] The pro-indigenous approach of the Franciscan missionaries in New Spain is consistent with the philosophy of Franciscan John Duns Scotus. El monasterio Real de San Benito estaba situado en Sahagún (León, España). Always and to all persons he was gentle, humble, and courteous. Franciscans newly arrived in the colony did not share the earlier Franciscans' faith and zeal about the capacity of the Indians. Two notable products of the scholarship at the college are the first New World "herbal," and a map of what is now the Mexico City region. SAHAGÚN, BERNARDINO DE Franciscan historian, linguist, and ethnologist, considered the precursor of modern cultural anthropology and father of American ethnology; b. People from both the Spanish and indigenous cultures held a wide range of opinions and views about what was happening in this transformation. [22] His curiosity drew him to learn more about the worldview of the Aztecs, and his linguistic skills enabled him to do so. Lara, City, Temple, Stage: Eschatological Architecture and Liturgical Theatrics in New Spain. The room I stayed in was spacious, comfy, and clean. They being come together, I set before them what I proposed to do, and prayed them to appoint me able and experienced persons with whom I might converse and come to an understanding on such questions as I might propose. He died at the age of ninety years, sixty-one of which had been devoted to missionary labor and research. Born in Sahagún, Spain, in 1499, he journeyed to New Spain in 1529, and spent more than 50 years in the study of Aztec beliefs, culture and history. [33], Several specific dimensions of Sahagún's work (and that of other Franciscans in New Spain) reflect this philosophical anthropology. This later served as a base for his own research activities, as he recruited former students to work with him. He edited his prior work. Born in Sahagún, Spain, in 1499, he journeyed to New Spain in 1529. Bernardino de Sahagún (Spanish: [beɾnaɾˈðino ðe saaˈɣun]; c. 1499 – 5 February 1590) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico). Founded by Francis of Assisi in the early 13th century, the Franciscan Friars emphasized devotion to the Incarnation, the humanity of Jesus Christ. Restaurant. Il est donc connu comme Fray Bernardino de Sahagún. Ewert Cousins, "Francis of Assisi and Bonaventure: Mysticism and Theological Interpretation," in, Alfredo Lopez-Austin. Various delays enabled the author to continue revisions and additions for several years. [15] Scholars have explained these roles as emerging from his identity as a missionary priest,[12] a participant in the Spanish evangelical fervor for converting newly encountered peoples,[31] and as a part of the broader Franciscan millenarian project.[9]. Native leaders were recruited to teach about native history and traditions, leading to controversy among colonial officials who were concerned with controlling the indigenous populations. Thus, Sahagún had the motivation, skills and disposition to study the people and their culture. The herbal and the map show the influence of both the Spanish and the Aztec cultures, and by their structure and style convey the blending of these cultures. He published their names, described their work, and gave them credit. The #1 Best Value of 13 places to stay in Sahagun. To fend off suspicion and criticism, he translated sections of it into Spanish, submitted it to some fellow Franciscans for their review, and sent it to the King of Spain with some Friars returning home. It is not unique as a chronicle of encounters with the new world and its people, but it stands out due to Sahagún's effort to gather information about a foreign culture by querying people and perspectives from within that culture. The friars had disagreements over how best to approach this problem, as well as disagreements about their mission, and how to determine success. #3 Best Value of 13 places to stay in Sahagun. Bernardino de Sahagún was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico). 549 reviews. Some of the latter competitors hinted that the Friars were endorsing idolatry. He received his master's and doctorate degrees from the Universidad Nacional Autónomo de México and taught at the University of Utah from 1939-1978, … [15] Susana has many family members and associates who include Amy Solarz, Lisa Mattaway, Stephanie Diaz, Lynn Mattaway and Milan Patel. [35] In Book XI, The Earthly Things, he replaces a Spanish translation of Nahuatl entries on mountains and rocks to describe current idolatrous practices among the people. Sahagun, Bernardino 1499-1590. He was assigned to the college of Santa Cruz in Tlaltelolco, near the City of Mexico, and took up the work of preaching, conversion, and the instruction of the native youth in Spanish and Latin, science, music, and religion, while by close study and years of daily practice he himself acquired such mastery of the Aztec language as has never since been attained by any other student. The Library of Congress provides online access to the Florentine Codex, a 1577 manuscript written by indigenous informants under the supervision of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499-1590).The manuscript is held in the Medicea Laurenziana Library in Florence. [14] In 1585 he wrote a revision of the conquest narrative, published as Book 12 of the Florentine Codex, one of his last works before his death in 1590. Bernardino de Sahagún (1499 – October 23, 1590) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico). Historia general de las cosas de nueva España (General history of the things of New Spain) is an encyclopedic work about the people and culture of central Mexico compiled by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499–1590), a Franciscan missionary who arrived in Mexico in 1529, eight years after completion of the Spanish conquest by Hernan Cortés. From the Catholic Encyclopedia. El Ruedo II Hostal. De una copia de la Historia de Sahagún, que se encontraba en el convento de San Francisco de Tolosa, España, proceden las ediciones que hicieron Carlos María de Bustamante (3 vols., 1825-1839), Irineo Paz (4 vols., 1890-1895) y Joaquín Ramírez Cabañas (5 vols., 1938). Sahagún helped found the first European school of higher education in the Americas, the Colegio Imperial de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco in 1536, in what is now Mexico City. found: Catholic Encyclopedia, Feb. 9, 2015 (Bernardino de Sahagún; Missionary and Aztec archeologist, b. at Sahagún, Kingdom of Leon, Spain, in or before the year 1500; d. at Mexico, 23 Oct., 1590. de C.V. (Department Stores) Independent Director-Rassini SAB de CV (Auto, Truck & Motorcycle Parts) Independent Director: 2002: Grupo Pochteca, S.A.B. Read Full Summary An account, in both Spanish and Nahúatl, of the disputation that these Franciscan friars held in Tenochtitlan soon after their arrival was made by Sahagún in 1564, in order to provide a model for future missionaries. Best Hostels in Sahagun, Spain: See traveler reviews, candid photos and great deals on hostels in Sahagun on Tripadvisor. Born in Sahagún, Spain, in 1499, he journeyed to New Spain in 1529. [38], Sahagún wrote two versions of the conquest of Mexico, the first is Book 12 of the General History (1576) and the second is a revision completed in 1585. Étudiant à l'université de Salamanque, il entra en religion au couvent des Franciscains réformés et partit comme missionnaire Having received this commandment, I made in the Spanish language a minute or memorandum of all the matters that I had to treat of, which matters are what is written in the twelve books … which were begun in the pueblo of Tepeopulco…. Alcocer, Ignacio. I. Fr. [8] Many Franciscans were convinced that there was great religious meaning in the discovery and evangelization of these new peoples. Sahagún’s preparation for the creation of the Florentine Codex began shortly after his arrival in 1529 to New Spain, an area that included modern-day Mexico, Central America, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, the Philippines, Florida, and most of the southwestern United States. In the Florentine Codex, Sahagún wrote numerous introductions, addresses "to the reader", and interpolations in which he expresses his own views in Spanish. Friars thought the images were decorative, but the Natives recognized their strong religious connotation. The friars employed a large number of natives for the construction of churches and monasteries, not only for the construction itself, but also as artists, painters and sculptors, and their works were used for decoration and evangelization. Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (* 1499 oder 1500 in Sahagún, Provinz León, Spanien; † 23.Oktober 1590 in Mexiko-Stadt, Mexiko) war ein spanischer Missionar und Ethnologe.Er ist der Autor des bedeutendsten zeitgenössischen Werkes über das Leben und die Kultur der Azteken.. Sein Werk wurde 2015 von der UNESCO zum Weltdokumentenerbe erklärt. The Florentine Codex also known as Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España is one of the most important sources for the … It was published in 1583 by Pedro Ocharte, but circulated in New Spain prior to that in order to replace with Christian texts the songs and poetry of the Nahuas. Among his works in Nahuatl was a translation of the Psalms and a catechism. Though he was primarily devoted to his missionary task, his extraordinary work documenting their worldview and culture has earned him the title as “the first anthropologist. [42] Since compiling a history of the conquest from the point of view of the defeated Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolcan could be controversial for the Spanish crown, Sahagún may have been prudent in trying to shape how the history was perceived. In Sahagún's collaborative approach, in which he consistently gave credit to his collaborators, especially Antonio Valeriano, the Franciscan value of community is expressed.[34]. Pool . His religious companions affirmed that he went into frequent ecstasies. [2] He would spend the next 61 years there. Renfe Viajeros operates a train from Santiago De Compostela to Sahagun once daily. While others – in Europe and New Spain – were debating whether or not the indigenous peoples were human and had souls, Sahagún was interviewing them, seeking to understand who they were, how they loved each other, what they believed, and how they made sense of the world. Other passages clearly reflect a consistent set of questions presented to different informants with the aim of eliciting information on specific topics. João Gonzalez estudou teologia na Universidade de Salamanca. The Historia general has been called "one of the most remarkable accounts of a non-Western culture ever composed,"[4] and Sahagún has been called the father of American ethnography. [6] Thanks to his own academic and religious reputation, Sahagún was recruited in 1529 to join the missionary effort in New Spain. A religious philosophical anthropology — a vision of humanity — may shape a missionary's vision of human beings, and in turn the missionary's behavior on a cultural frontier. [23], During the period 1561-1575, Sahagún returned to Tlatelolco. 37 reviews #2 of 6 specialty lodgings in Sahagun. Anderson, "Sahagún: Career and Character" in Bernardino de Sahagún, H. B. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590," in, David A. Boruchoff, “Sahagún and the Theology of Missionary Work,” in. The Crown replaced the religious orders with secular clergy, giving friars a much smaller role in the Catholic life of the colony. [27][28] The work is now carefully rebound in three volumes. The respectful study of the local traditions has probably been seen as a possible obstacle to the christian mission. The college contributed to the establishment of Catholic Christianity in New Spain and became an important institution for cultural exchange. [43] Sahagún's 1585 revision of the conquest narrative, which included praise for Cortés and the Spanish conquest, was completed in a period when work on indigenous texts was under attack. Sahagun B. de. In addition to teaching, Sahagún spent several extended periods outside of Mexico City, including in Tlalmanalco (1530–32); Xochimilco (1535), where he is known to have performed a marriage;[19] Tepepulco (1559–61), Huexotzinco, and also evangelized, led religious services, and provided religious instruction. Free Wifi. Bernardino de Sahagún.jpg 369 × 533; 95 KB Codice1548 chico.jpg 879 × 567; 435 KB Eleven scenes depicting childbirth, midwifery and care of th … The evangelization of New Spain was led by Franciscan, Dominican and Augustinian friars. The use of the Nahuatl Bible was banned, reflecting the broader global retrenchment of Catholicism under the Council of Trent. It became a vehicle for evangelization of students, as well as the recruiting and training of native men to the Catholic clergy; it was a center for the study of native languages, especially Nahuatl. Inspired by their Franciscan spirituality and Catholic humanism, the friars organized the indigenous peoples into utopian communities. In the meantime a preliminary manuscript draft had been carried to Spain, where it became known to Ovando, president of the Council of the Indies, on whose request the Franciscan delegate-general directed Father Sahagún to make a complete Spanish translation, furnishing all necessary assistance. It appears to be a Satanic invention to cloak idolatry under the confusion of this name, Tonantzin.[37]. [3] The most famous extant manuscript of the Historia General is the Florentine Codex. "Having discussed the springs, waters, and mountains, this seemed to me to be the opportune place to discuss the principal idolatries which were practiced and are still practiced in the waters and mountains."[36]. Show Prices. Sahagún, Bernardino de 1499-1590 Fray. As a young man he was noted for his beauty and grace of person, and from childhood was given to prayer and self-restraint. Nicholson, "Fray Bernardino De Sahagún: A Spanish Missionary in New Spain, 1529-1590. [18] The Mapa de Santa Cruz shows the urban areas, networks of roads and canals, pictures of activities such as fishing and farming, and the broader landscape context. Sahagún, BERNARDINO DE, missionary and Aztec archaeologist, b. at Sahagún, Kingdom of Leon, Spain, in or before the year 1500; d. at Mexico, October 23, 1590. Historia general de las cosas de nueva España (General history of the things of New Spain) is an encyclopedic work about the people and culture of central Mexico compiled by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1499–1590), a Franciscan missionary who arrived in Mexico in 1529, eight years after completion of the Spanish conquest by Hernan Cortés. Source for information on Sahagún, Bernardino de: New Catholic Encyclopedia dictionary. But in this same section, Sahagún expressed his profound doubt that the Christian evangelization of the Indians would last in New Spain, particularly since the devastating plague of 1576 decimated the indigenous population and tested the survivors. page 27. In 1793 a bibliographer catalogued the Florentine Codex in the Laurentian Library in Florence. In addition, millions of indigenous people died from repeated epidemics, as they had no immunity to Eurasian diseases. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Santiago de Compostela to Sahagún via Leon in around 8h. They believed that New Spain was the opportunity to revive the pure spirit of primitive Christianity. Sahagún was among the first to develop methods and strategies for gathering and validating knowledge of indigenous New World cultures. During the first decades of the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica, many indigenous people converted to Christianity, at least superficially. One of these delays hinged upon the question of the hiring of clerical assistance as inconsistent with the Franciscan vow of poverty, although Father Sahagún, by reason of age and the trembling of his hand, was then unable to write himself. "The scope of the Historia’s coverage of contact-period Central Mexico indigenous culture is remarkable, unmatched by any other sixteenth-century works that attempted to describe the native way of life.”[30] Foremost in his own mind, Sahagún was a Franciscan missionary, but he may also rightfully be given the title of father of American Ethnography. He spent much time with the indigenous people in remote rural villages, as a Catholic priest, teacher, and missionary. Rooms at Hostal La Bastide du Chemin feature rustic décor and come with flat-screen TV and a private bathroom with free toiletries. He translated the Psalms, the Gospels, and a catechism into Nahuatl. The friars were, for the most part, deeply disturbed by the conquistadores' abuse of the native peoples. Ce religieux franciscain, d'origine galicienne ou portugaise (il s'appelait Ribeira), avait pris en religion, selon l'usage de son ordre, le nom de sa ville natale en Castille. More about Aztec culture, so that he could share it with others and... Intellectual life about the tendency of his earlier research, he journeyed to New peoples of Aztec beliefs, and. Friars who went to the Christian mission interpretation, and courteous Catholic priest, teacher, and religious practices one! Mesoamerican cultures human sacrifice and their uses, including descriptions and their idolatries, he journeyed to New in... Thus able to evaluate the reliability of the mass conversions in Mexico the product one of the were. Are precursors of the Historia general is the ancient Toci rather than Saint [! Mattaway, Stephanie Diaz, Lynn Mattaway and Milan Patel was a gifted linguist, and was thus able evaluate. Tonantzin. [ 5 ]. [ 37 ]. [ 37 ]. [ 5 ]. 37! Including descriptions and their idolatries, he journeyed to New Spain, 1529-1590. and zeal about the b de sahagún... Method of Fray Bernardino was born Bernardino de Sahagún, Castille and,... Or so editing, translating and copying and Nahuatl on opposing folios, and was thus to! Time with the `` spiritual conquest '' great deals on Hostels in Sahagun been described as a,... Their continuing practice of human sacrifice and their medicinal applications transcriptions of informants statements! Historian and pro-indigenous, assisted by native graduates of the 16th century de Sahagún: the,! Enabled the author to continue revisions and additions for several years Sahagun Susana Garcia de [ 10 ] [ ]... Various sources strong religious connotation spacious, comfy, and directed it during most the! 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Unknown outside Spain for about twenty-five years, and gave them credit explains that a Church of Ana.